Gum Disease, Dry Mouth, and Other Dental Risks of Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when the body produces insufficient insulin or becomes resistant to insulin, resulting in elevated blood sugar levels. But beyond affecting the heart, eyes, and kidneys, diabetes and oral health are also closely linked. In fact, diabetes can increase your risk of several dental problems — many of which go unnoticed until they worsen.
Many people are unaware that diabetes can significantly affect oral health. Here are some of the most common dental issues faced by individuals with diabetes:
1. Gum Disease (Periodontitis)
Our mouths are home to millions of bacteria. When these bacteria build up along the gum line, they can cause gum infections. People with diabetes are more prone to gum disease, especially if their blood sugar levels are poorly controlled.
Periodontitis is a chronic condition that damages the gums and the supporting structures of the teeth, including the jawbone. About 22% of people with diabetes experience this condition. It becomes harder to manage blood sugar when gum disease is present, creating a vicious cycle.
2. Dry Mouth
Diabetes can reduce saliva production, leading to a dry mouth. Some medications or elevated blood sugar levels may also contribute to this condition. A dry mouth increases the risk of tooth decay, as there is less saliva to neutralise acids and wash away food particles.
To manage dry mouth:
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Sip water throughout the day
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Chew sugar-free gum
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Eat crunchy, healthy snacks to stimulate saliva flow
3. Altered Taste
Some people with diabetes notice changes in their sense of taste, which can affect appetite and nutrition. It may be tempting to add sugar to food to enhance flavour, but this can increase the risk of dental decay. Instead, try experimenting with natural herbs and spices.
4. Oral Infections (e.g., Thrush)
Diabetes can weaken the immune system, making it harder to fight off infections. A common fungal infection among people with diabetes is oral thrush, which appears as a white coating on the tongue or inside of the cheeks. It can also cause a persistent bad taste. Wearing dentures can increase the risk of this condition.
5. Delayed Healing
Wounds or ulcers in the mouth may take longer to heal if diabetes is not well-controlled. If you notice any persistent sores, it’s important to consult your dentist.
Your Diabetes Dental Health Checklist
To maintain good oral health and support overall well-being, here are five essential tips:
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Manage your blood sugar — keeping it within your target range helps prevent dental complications.
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Avoid tobacco products — smoking worsens gum problems and delays healing.
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Clean your dentures daily — this helps prevent infections like thrush.
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Brush and floss regularly — brush twice a day with a soft toothbrush and clean between teeth daily.
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Visit your dentist regularly — early detection of dental problems can make treatment more effective.
A Healthy Smile Starts with Good Control
Managing diabetes is not just about medication—it includes looking after your oral health too. With proper care and regular dental visits, you can reduce the risk of dental complications and protect your overall health.
This article is for general educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult your doctor or dentist for specific medical concerns.
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